{"id":177,"date":"2026-06-15T01:46:42","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T22:16:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sciencio.ir\/?p=177"},"modified":"2026-06-15T01:49:00","modified_gmt":"2026-06-14T22:19:00","slug":"11-%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sciencio.ir\/?p=177","title":{"rendered":"11 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0622\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

1-11 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633<\/h3>\n

\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062e\u062a $S$ \u0648 $S’$ \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 $S$ \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f $A$ \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f $B$ \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f $A$ \u0648 $B$ \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 $S$ \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f $\\Delta x=0$ . \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation}\u00a0 \\Delta t’=\\gamma \\Delta t \\tag{11.1} \\label{eq:11.1} \\end{equation}$<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 $c=1$ \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 $\\gamma = \\displaystyle{\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{1-v^2}}}$ \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 $S$ \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647) \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 $\\gamma$ (\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a) \u06a9\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f $\\Delta t’ > \\Delta t$ .<\/p>\n

\u0622\u0647\u0646\u06af \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 $c$\u060c \u0622\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 $S$ \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f (\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627) \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
**\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 11-1<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0648 (\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f $10$ \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646) \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646 $\\tau = 2.2 \\: \\mu s$ \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f $v=0.998c$ \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641) \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0637\u06cc \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0628) \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e<\/h5>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641)<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} d = v \\tau = (0.998 \\times 3 \\times 10^8 \\: m\/s) (2.2 \\times 10^{-6} \\: s)= 659 \\: m \\tag{11.2} \\label{eq:11.2} \\end{equation}$<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 $10$ \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0628)<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation}\u00a0 \\tau’=\\gamma \\tau = \\displaystyle{\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{1-0.998^2}}} (2.2\\: \\mu s) = 34.8 \\: \\mu s\\tag{11.3} \\label{eq:11.3} \\end{equation}$<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} d’ = v \\tau’ = (0.998 \\times 3 \\times 10^8 \\: m\/s) (34.8 \\times 10^{-6} \\: s)= 10419 \\: m \\tag{11.4} \\label{eq:11.4} \\end{equation}$<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645. \u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 $\\tau = 2.2 \\: \\mu s$ \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2-11 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 ($\\ref{eq:11.1}$) \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0642\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

3-11 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0646<\/h3>\n

\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0630\u0647\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u060c \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a $v$ \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 $S$) \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06a9\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 $S’$) \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation}\u00a0 L =c \\Delta t \\tag{11.5} \\label{eq:11.5} \\end{equation}$<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 $v \\Delta t’$ \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n

\"x43824_3-11-1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

\u0634\u06a9\u0644 11-1\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u061b \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0622\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u062b\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0631\u062b \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation}\u00a0 c^2 \\Delta t^2 + v^2 \\Delta t’^2 = c^2 \\Delta t’^2\\tag{11.6} \\label{eq:11.6} \\end{equation}$<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 ($\\ref{eq:11.1}$) \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

4-11 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647<\/h3>\n

\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 11-1\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 $\\Delta t$ \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 $S$ \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 $\\tau$ \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645. \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a $c=1$:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation}\u00a0 \\Delta s^2 = – \\Delta \\tau ^2 \\tag{11.7} \\label{eq:11.7} \\end{equation}$<\/p>\n

\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 $\\Delta x = \\Delta y = \\Delta z = 0$. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 ($\\ref{eq:11.1}$) \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation}\u00a0 d \\tau=\\frac{1}{\\gamma} d t’ \\tag{11.8} \\label{eq:11.8} \\end{equation}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

**1- \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0642\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0627 30 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a 0.5 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a 30 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n

**2- \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 1\u060c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 60 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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<\/h6>\n<\/article>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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