{"id":167,"date":"2026-06-15T01:07:07","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T21:37:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sciencio.ir\/?p=167"},"modified":"2026-06-15T01:08:20","modified_gmt":"2026-06-14T21:38:20","slug":"8-%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%af%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sciencio.ir\/?p=167","title":{"rendered":"8 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1-8 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062a\u06cc<\/h3>\n

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2-8 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633<\/h3>\n

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$\\begin{equation} x’=Ax+By+Cz+Dt \\tag{8.1} \\label{eq:8.1} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

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\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 $S’$ \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a $v$ \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 $S$ \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 $x$ \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 $x$ \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f<\/a>\u061b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 $y=0$ \u0648 $y’=0$ \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 $xz$ \u0648 $x’z’$ \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 $y’$ \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 $y$ \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} y’ = A_y y\\tag{8.2} \\label{eq:8.2} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 $x$\u060c $z$\u060c $x’$ \u0648 $z’$ \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc $S$ \u0648 $S’$ \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u067e\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} y = A_y y’ \\tag{8.3} \\label{eq:8.3} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 ($\\ref{eq:8.2}$) \u0648 ($\\ref{eq:8.3}$) \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 $A_y=\\pm 1$. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a $v=0$ \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 $xy$ \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0647\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaylines{ y’=y \\\\ z’=z } \\tag{8.4} \\label{eq:8.4} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 $x’$ \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 $x=vt$\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 $S’$ \u06cc\u0627 $x’=0$ \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u061b \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} x’=\\gamma (x-vt) \\tag{8.5} \\label{eq:8.5} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} t’= ax+bt \\tag{8.6} \\label{eq:8.6} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 $S$ \u06a9\u0647 $x=0$ \u06cc\u0627 $x’=-vt’$ \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 ($\\ref{eq:8.5}$) \u0648 ($\\ref{eq:8.6}$) \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaylines{ x’=\\gamma (-vt) \\\\ t’= bt } \\tag{8.7} \\label{eq:8.7} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 ($\\ref{eq:8.7}$) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 $b$ \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaystyle{ \\frac{x’}{t’}=-v=\\frac{-\\gamma v}{b}} \\tag{8.8} \\label{eq:8.8} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 $b=\\gamma$. \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaylines{ x’=\\gamma (x-vt) \\\\ t’= \\gamma(t-dx) } \\tag{8.9} \\label{eq:8.9} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 ($\\ref{eq:8.9}$) \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 $d=\\frac{a}{\\gamma}$ \u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645. \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 $c=\\frac{x’}{t’}=\\frac{x}{t}$ \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 (\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645):<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaylines{ ct’=\\gamma (c-v)t \\\\ t’= \\gamma(1-dc)t } \\tag{8.10} \\label{eq:8.10} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaystyle{ c=\\frac{c-v}{1-dc}} \\tag{8.11} \\label{eq:8.11} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} c-dc^2=c-v \\rightarrow d=\\displaystyle{ \\frac{v}{c^2}} \\tag{8.12} \\label{eq:8.12} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 $\\gamma$ \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaylines{ x’=\\gamma (x-vt) \\\\ t’= \\gamma(t-\\frac{v}{c^2}x) } \\tag{8.13} \\label{eq:8.13} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 $\\gamma$ \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645. \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc $v \\rightarrow -v$ \u0648 \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaylines{ x=\\gamma (x’+vt’) \\\\ t= \\gamma(t’+\\frac{v}{c^2}x’) } \\tag{8.14} \\label{eq:8.14} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 ($\\ref{eq:8.13}$) \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 ($\\ref{eq:8.14}$) \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaystyle{ x=\\gamma (\\gamma x -\\gamma vt+v(\\gamma t – \\gamma\\frac{v}{c^2}x )) } \\tag{8.15} \\label{eq:8.15} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

($\\ref{eq:8.15}$) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 $x$ \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 $\\gamma vt$ \u0648 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaystyle{ x(1-\\gamma^2+\\gamma^2\\frac{v^2}{c^2})=0} \\tag{8.16} \\label{eq:8.16} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 ($\\ref{eq:8.16}$) \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc $x \\neq 0$ \u067e\u0633 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 $\\gamma$ \u0628\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaystyle{ \\gamma^2(1-\\frac{v^2}{c^2})=1} \\tag{8.17} \\label{eq:8.17} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 $\\gamma$ \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \u00a0\\gamma=\\pm\\displaystyle{\\frac{1}{ \\sqrt{ 1-\\frac{v^2}{c^2}} } }\u00a0 \\tag{8.18} \\label{eq:8.18} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 $\\gamma \\sim\u00a0 1$ \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 $\\gamma$\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

\"d075722_3-8-1.jpg\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0634\u06a9\u0644 8-1\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 $\\gamma$ \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631 $v\/c$\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9. \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaylines{ t’= \\frac{1}{ \\sqrt{ 1-\\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}(t-\\frac{v}{c^2}x) \\\\ x’=\\frac{1}{ \\sqrt{ 1-\\frac{v^2}{c^2}}} (x-vt) \\\\ y’=y \\\\ z’=z } \\tag{8.19} \\label{eq:8.19} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 $c=1$ \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n

$\\begin{equation} \\displaylines{ \\Delta t’= \\frac{1}{ \\sqrt{ 1-v^2}}(\\Delta t-v\\Delta x) \\\\ \\Delta x’=\\frac{1}{ \\sqrt{ 1-v^2}} (\\Delta x-v\\Delta t) \\\\ \\Delta y’=\\Delta y \\\\ \\Delta z’=\\Delta z } \\tag{8.20} \\label{eq:8.20} \\end{equation} $<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

*1- \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 $S’$ \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a $0.8$ \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 $S$ \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 $x$ \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 $S$ \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 $5$ \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 $100$ \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 $S’$ \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n

**2- \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0686\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f (\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062f.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u067e\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062e\u062a (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628) \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":168,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/cdn.imgurl.ir\/uploads\/t90467_3-8-0.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"\u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 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\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sciencio.ir\/?p=167\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"8 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633 - \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0648\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 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name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"sciencio\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciencio.ir\\\/?p=167#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciencio.ir\\\/?p=167\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"sciencio\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sciencio.ir\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2b2180aaa7b9d8f01859dce0c2ce52fb\"},\"headline\":\"8 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 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